History Highlights of the Forty
& Eight
1920
In March
of 1920, Joseph W. Breen, a member of the newly formed American Legion and an
officer of Breen-McCracken Legion Post 297, met in Philadelphia with fifteen
other prominent Legionnaires where they originated the idea of The Forty &
Eight. They envisioned a new and different level of elite membership and
camaraderie for leaders of the American Legion. The box car of the French
Railways, so familiar to American ground troops of the First World War, was
chosen as the symbolic heart of the new organization. The French/Railroad theme
was applied to officer titles and organizational functions.
The
organization was named La Societe des Quarente Hommes et Huit Chevaux
(the Society of Forty Men and Eight Horses). Its members were called Voyageurs
Militaire (military travelers) and candidates for membership were called
Prisonniers de Guerre (Prisoners of War). The “40/8” cargo capacity sign
emblazoned on each French boxcar that had carried American doughboys to the
front, and also the "French horizon blue" color, became symbols of the new
society. An initiation ceremony was developed based on the common wartime
experiences of American soldiers, sailors and marines, incorporating fun making
with patriotic bonding.
The first
statewide Forty & Eight Promenade (meeting) was held in June, 1920, following
the 2nd Annual Convention of the American Legion’s Department of Pennsylvania.
Several prominent Legionnaires were wrecked (initiated) and Joseph W. Breen was
unanimously elected Chef de Chemin de Fer (President of the Railroad).
The new
Forty & Eight organization agreed to send a delegation to the Legion’s national
convention in Cleveland,
Ohio, with as much fanfare as possible in order to
introduce the Forty & Eight to the nation and to other Legionnaires. A railroad
box car was rented and in it the Forty & Eight delegation rode the rails to the
Cleveland Legion convention. This publicity stunt gained substantial news
coverage for the energetic new elite organizaton. In
Cleveland more than 700
Legionnaires became members of the Forty & Eight.
1921
During the
Forty & Eight’s Promenade Nationale (national convention) in Kansas City, a
national constitution was adopted and a national headquarters was established in
Seattle, Washington.
1922
During the Promenade Nationale in New Orleans, a Children’s Welfare
project was established, with monies to be raised via an annual assessment of 50
cents from dues collections, to be used for the care of orphaned children.
1923
The National Headquarters of the Forty & Eight was moved to Indianapolis. The
Forty & Eight was integrated as an equal partner with The American Legion and
The American Legion Auxiliary, all with common interests in Child Welfare.
Forty & Eight Child Welfare Program funds ($24,823.91) were safely invested to
grow to meet future needs. A joint policy committee of members from all three
organizations was established.
1925
During the 6th Promenade Nationale, in Omaha, Nebraska, $25,000.00 was set aside
to establish a Child Welfare Fund. (This was a precursor to today’s Charles
Ardery Child Welfare Trust).
1926
At Promenade Nationale in
Philadelphia,
Forty & Eight membership was reported to be 32,449.
A major
focus of discussion was the growth of American Legion membership, which had
previously been declining annually since the Legion’s inception. Much of the
Legion’s new growth was attributed to extraordinary recruiting efforts by Forty
& Eight’s Voyageurs who had brought in more than 17,000 new members for the
American Legion. Voyageur William Mundt of Voiture 24, Bloomington, Illinois,
was recognized for having signed up 509 new Legion members.
1928
Forty & Eight programs expanded in concert with The American Legion.
Membership, Child Welfare, Junior Baseball, Americanism and Emergency Relief
became key Forty & Eight programs. Annual donations continued to the Child
Welfare Fund, with $18,960 earmarked for 1928. Additionally, Voiture Locales
devised their own charitable programs, such as Voiture 220 of Chicago sponsoring
a youth summer camp.
During the
depression years, the Forty & Eight and The American Legion grew steadily.
Forty & Eight Voyageurs enrolled 27,000 new members in the Legion during
1928-1929, and were instrumental in helping The American Legion to pass the one
million members mark.
1932
The Forty & Eight declared War on Childhood Diphtheria. Vaccination toxin was
distributed via Voiture Nationale to children whose parents could not afford it.
Physicians donated their services, and educational campaigns were carried out
to combat the disease.
From 1932
through 1936, the Forty & Eight sought to influence Congress regarding veteran's
benefits. These were the “Bonus March” Depression years when WWI veterans and
the federal government were at times in open conflict. The Forty & Eight
sponsored national radio programs, featuring well know political figures, to
bring equitable treatment of war veterans to the national forefront. Realizing
that power came with numbers, the Forty & Eight brought in 111,159 new American
Legion members. The efforts of the Forty & Eight ultimately helped convince
Congress to pass, over a presidential veto, the compensation act for America’s
war veterans.
1936
The 17th Promenade Nationale was held in Cleveland with a huge parade lasting
nearly three hours. Membership reached 34,809.
1938
The Forty & Eight began sponsoring Boys State in 20 states. Charitable efforts
increased as Voitures provided iron lungs, sponsored anti-juvenile delinquency
programs, and supported Legion Baseball and Scouting. Many Legion leaders are
members of the Forty & Eight.
1941
During the Second World War, the Forty & Eight rolled up its sleeves. While
continuing to support its existing charitable and patriotic programs, the Forty
& Eight expanded its efforts to meet wartime needs. Individual Forty & Eight
members volunteered for military service, served as air raid wardens and in
other civil defense capacities, aided in salvage drives, bond drives, blood
drives, visited hospitals, and helped recruiting efforts for the Armed Services.
The Forty
& Eight made a special effort to insure every serviceman on transport ships
overseas had a deck of cards. Over 60,000 decks were initially distributed,
610,498 decks in the second year, and a million decks in 1943-1944. Ultimately,
over 4 million decks of card were distributed.
The Forty
& Eight also began issuing Nursing Scholarships. By September of 1942, over 100
nurses had been received education grants.
Increasing
Legion membership was deemed vital to organizing veterans to help the war
effort. The Forty & Eight exceeded its goals by gaining 211,301 new Legion
members, thereby helping to bringing the Legion to an all time high in
membership.
1945
The 25th Anniversary of the Forty and Eight coincided with the end of World War
II.
The
organization began a new program to provide free telephone calls home for
returning wounded servicemen. This successful program was seeded by Grande du
Kentucky contributing $50,000 and Grande du Indiana providing $39,000. With the
end of rationing and travel restrictions, Forty and Eight members were able to
meet more frequently.
Over two
hundred veteran organizations sprouted up across the country. Veterancy was
booming. The Forty and Eight brought more than half a million new members to
The American Legion. The Forty & Eight continued to bring influential
Legionnaires together from various posts, thus strengthening unity within the
Legion. Forty & Eight membership exceeded 70,000.
The Forty
& Eight’s annual contribution to the Legion’s Child Welfare Fund continued
throughout the war. Due to an increase in numbers of World War II veteran's
children, the Forty & Eight increased its annual Child Welfare contribution to
$30,000 in 1945 and to $50,000 in 1946.
1947
The Forty & Eight began its long association with the Hanson’s Disease (leprosy)
research hospital in Carville, Louisiana, by funding all publication costs for
the hospital’s patient-published magazine "The Star". The Forty & Eight
purchased a printing press and other equipment to help the patients carry on
“their fight against the ignorance which surrounds this disease."
Forty &
Eight membership rose to 95,000.
1948
The Forty & Eight welcomed the French Gratitude Train. French railroad
boxcar were sent to each American state, filled with gifts from the French
people who wished to say “merci” for America freeing the French from Nazi
tyranny. The Forty & Eight, being an elite corps of American veterans with its
symbol being the WWI French boxcar, was instrumental in welcoming these WWII
boxcars. Voyageurs in each state participated in ceremonies, and in many states
took responsibility for maintaining the boxcar in museum or display settings.
1955
The Forty
& Eight formally established its Nurses Training program.
1959
(1960)
The Forty
& Eight severed ties with the Legion and became an independent organization.
There had
been ripples of discontent for several years. The organizations were
fundamentally different. The Legion was large, easy to join and non-fraternal.
The Forty & Eight was elite, by-invitation and racially restrictive. The Forty
& Eight had monetary resources many in the Legion deemed theirs. Conversely,
the Forty & Eight objected to funding Legion programs with large amounts of
money, without adequate recognition in return. The Legion pressed the Forty &
Eight to change its constitution to be racially inclusive. These differences
brought the two organizations to logger heads. Eventually, the American Legion
refused to allow the Forty and Eight to hold its Promenade Nationale in the same
city with the Legion’s National Convention.
The Forty
& Eight thus became independent, but with many vestiges of its parent
organization remaining intact, including the Forty & Eight continuing to only
accept Legion members.
1963
The Nurses Training Program sponsored 2,129 nurses for a total of $248,047 in
scholarships.
Female
relatives of Forty & Eight members organized the auxiliary, La Societe de
Femme. Cabanes (units) were formed in 15 states with over 1,000 initial
members. The purpose of the affiliate organization was to, "further the
programs of the Forty and Eight".
1964
Recognizing that its previous donations to the Legion’s Child Welfare Fund had
amounted to over 1.2 million dollars, the Forty & Eight established the new
Charles W. Ardery Child Welfare Fund as an irrevocable trust, seeded it with
$300,000 and drew up rules governing the dispersal of its funds as
reimbursements to Voitures for local instances of rendering aid/assistance.
Other
programs listed for the year were; Flag Education, Memorial Day Programs, Boys
State, Girls State, Scouting and the Christmas Tree of Lights program.
1965
At the
Promenade Nationale in
Baltimore,
Maryland,
it was announced that 51 Voitures had aided 770,086 children with a total Child
Welfare expenditure value of $2,690,296.
1969
The
Charles W. Ardery Child Welfare Trust Fund granted over $400,000. The trust’s
growth was attributed in part to a 50 cent assessment for Child Welfare in
members’ annual dues.
1972
The Ardery
Trust Fund presented a $10,000 grant to the University of Kentucky for research
into Cystic Fibrosis. A $4,363 grant was made to the University of Illinois for
research into the causes of Childhood Diabetes. Total Ardery trust expenditures
for the year were over $37,000.
1973
(1974)
The Forty & Eight, by a vote of 1,280 to 467, amended its constitution to
prohibit any Voiture from restricting its membership by race.
A
nationwide gas shortage made it difficult for many to travel to the proposed 55th
Promenade National in
Anaheim,
California.
The Promenade site was changed to St. Louis, Missouri.
A Child
Welfare grant of $10,000 was made to the University of Wisconsin for Juvenile
Diabetes research. The Nurses Training program reported 2,475 nurses received
financial help, with $291,000 spent on nursing grants.
1975
The Forty
& Eight established the George Boland Nurses Training Trust Fund, with a
$100,000 start up grant, in honor of Nebraska’s George B. Boland, who had served
as Chef de Chemin de Fer in 1952 and as Avocat National (national attorney) for
many years.
1977
The Forty
& Eight established the Outstanding Law Officer of the Year award program. John
C. Wodetzki, Chief of Police of Lincoln, Illinois, was selected as the first
recipient of the award.
1978 -
1979
The Charles W. Ardery Child Welfare Trust Fund grated $15,600 to the National
Jewish Hospital in Denver
to purchase special medical equipment. A second grant of $10,000 was made to
Children's Hospital of St. Petersburg,
Florida for Newborn Intensive Care Unit equipment. $16,600 was granted to Saint
Jude Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, to purchase a new spectrophotometer.
$6,329,276 was reported expended in money, materials, mileage and man hours
throughtout the Forty & Eight for the Child Welfare program.
Voyageurs
contributed a total of 6,481 pints of blood. The Carville Star program had 100
percent participation and contributions exceeded $93,000.
1980
The Forty
& Eight began its partnership in the Veterans Administration Voluntary Service
program. By 1985, Voyageurs were participating in 230 medical facilities
serving veterans.
1982
The Forty & Eight adopted, as a Child Welfare subsidiary program, AAU/USA Junior
Olympics.
1991
The Forty & Eight revised its Preamble to reflect its charitable, non-profit
nature. --- ”For God and country we associate ourselves together for the
following purposes: To create a charitable and non-profit veterans organization;
to uphold and defend the Constitution of the United States of America; to assist
and promote the welfare and well-being of those who served in the Armed Forces
of the United States, during all wars and conflicts, recognized the Congress of
the United States, and their widows and orphans; to participate in all memorial
services for and to be part in and to encourage others to participate in the
proper observance of all days honoring veterans' to preserve the memories of our
Services in the Armed Forces of our Country; to actively participate within our
membership in projects relating to (a) the welfare of the children of America;
(b) the health of our Nation by fostering a nurses training program; and (c)
selected charitable endeavors."
1992
In response to hurricanes in Florida, the Forty & Eight responded with donations
of clothing, household goods and medical supplies. In Florida City alone, 255
children were provided food vouchers, clothing and household goods and $11,000
was granted to needy families. Relief teams of Voyageurs traveled into disaster
areas to distribute clothing and supplies. In Hawaii, where a hurricane had
come ashore on Kauai, the Ardery Trust assisted 80 children.
The Forty
& Eight’s Flags for First Graders program is found to be popular among Voyageurs
who conduct flag education programs in elementary schools. The program is
responsible for educating thousands of American youth in the flag history,
respect and protocol.
1993
Additional to it conducting its many ongoing charitable program efforts, the
Forty & Eight assisted victims of natural disasters in Michigan and Missouri.
$30,000 in aid was given to families of children in flooded areas. A $3,070
grant was given to the Indiana Soldiers and Sailors Children's Home. Voyageurs
of Washington state were applauded for contributing in excess of $150,000
annually (since 1985) to charitable projects in their community.
1994
This year marked both the 100th year founding of the Gillis W. Long Hanson's
Disease Center (leprosy research) in Carville, Louisiana, and the 50th
anniversary of the Forty & Eight's sponsorship of the patient-published Carville
“Star” Magazine.
The Forty
& Eight established a national Youth Sports program, to encompass and expand
beyond the narrower scope of the existing Junior Olympics program.
2001
The
September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on
New York
and the Pentagon occurred one day before the Forty & Eight Promenade Nationale
was scheduled to begin in Hagerstown, Maryland, not far from Camp David.
Terrorists crashed a civilian airliner just north of town. Voyageurs already at
Hagerstown were briefly isolated by security forces. Many Voyageurs and spouses
were stranded at airports, some were mid-air during the attacks, and several
found it impossible to reach
Hagerstown.
The organization voted total support for America in its war on terror.
The Forty
& Eight immediately began around-the-clock delivery of relief goods to New York
and Washington, D.C. 215 tons of relief goods valuing $881,000 were reported
delivered in the aftermath of the attacks. 11 trips by truck we made over 24
days to “ground zero” in NYC.
2006
Women veterans become eligible
to join the Forty & Eight. Like their male counterparts, women too must be
members of the American Legion and be invited to join the Forty & Eight.
The debate on this issue was
between honoring the all-male battle past that created the founders of this
organization and honoring today's male-and-female battle veterans who are
America's modern military. It was decided that the best way to honor the past,
is by honoring the male and female battle
veterans who are American's future.
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